JavaScript闈㈠悜瀵硅薄缂栫▼鐨勬牳蹇冩蹇典笌瀹炴垬搴旂敤

姒傝堪

鏈枃鏃ㄥ湪浠嬬粛JavaScript闈㈠悜瀵硅薄缂栫▼鐨勬牳蹇冩蹇典笌瀹炴垬搴旂敤锛屼粠鍩虹鏁版嵁绫诲瀷鍜屽彉閲忓嚭鍙戯紝娣卞叆鎺㈣绫汇€佸疄渚嬬殑瀹氫箟鍙婃搷浣滐紝骞堕槓杩扮户鎵夸笌澶氭€佺殑鍘熺悊銆傞€氳繃鐢ㄦ埛绠＄悊绯荤粺瀹炶返锛屽睍绀洪潰鍚戝璞＄紪绋嬪湪瀹為檯椤圭洰涓殑杩愮敤銆?/p>

鍩虹姒傚康寮曞叆

闈㈠悜瀵硅薄缂栫▼锛圤bject-Oriented Programming, OOP锛夋槸涓€绉嶄互瀵硅薄涓烘牳蹇冪粍缁囨暟鎹拰琛屼负缂栫▼鑼冨紡銆傚湪JavaScript涓紝鎴戜滑鍙互鍒╃敤绫汇€佸疄渚嬨€佸睘鎬у拰鏂规硶鏉ュ垱寤烘ā鍧楀寲銆佸彲鎵╁睍鐨勪唬鐮佺粨鏋勩€?/p>

1. 鍙橀噺涓庣被鍨?/p>

鎴戜滑绠€瑕佷簡瑙avaScript鐨勫熀鏈暟鎹被鍨嬪拰鍙橀噺澹版槑锛?/p>

```javascript

// 瀹氫箟鍙橀噺骞惰祴鍊?/p>

let age = 25; // 鏁板瓧绫诲瀷

let isStudent = true; // 甯冨皵绫诲瀷

let name = 'Alice'; // 瀛楃涓茬被鍨?/p>

// 鍙橀噺绫诲瀷妫€鏌?/p>

console.log(typeof age); // 杈撳嚭 'number'

console.log(typeof isStudent); // 杈撳嚭 'boolean'

console.log(typeof name); // 杈撳嚭 'string'

```

绫讳笌瀹炰緥

鎺ヤ笅鏉ワ紝鎴戜滑瀛︿範濡備綍瀹氫箟绫诲拰鍒涘缓瀹炰緥锛?/p>

1.2 瀹氫箟绫?/p>

鍦↗avaScript涓紝鎴戜滑鍙互浣跨敤`class`鍏抽敭瀛楀畾涔夌被銆傜被鏄竴涓ā鏉匡紝鐢ㄤ簬鍒涘缓鍏锋湁鐗瑰畾灞炴€у拰鏂规硶鐨勫璞″疄渚嬶細

```javascript

class Person {

constructor(name, age) {

this.name = name; // 瀹氫箟灞炴€ame

this.age = age; // 瀹氫箟灞炴€ge

---

鍔ㄧ墿鐜嬪浗鐨勮瑷€鑹烘湳锛欰nimal涓嶮ammal鐨勫璇濊涓哄樊寮?/p>

鍦ㄧ紪绋嬬殑涓栫晫閲岋紝鍗充娇鏄櫄鎷熺殑鍔ㄧ墿涔熻兘灞曠幇鍑轰笉鍚岀殑娌熼€氭柟寮忋€傝繖閲岀殑Animal鍜孧ammal閮藉叿澶囦簡speak鏂规硶锛屼絾瀹冧滑鐨勮涓鸿〃鐜板嵈鎴劧涓嶅悓銆?/p>

鎯宠薄涓€涓嬭繖鏍蜂竴涓満鏅細涓€涓狝nimal绫诲拰涓€涓狹ammal绫诲悇鑷煿鍏荤潃瀹冧滑鐨勬垚鍛橈紝璧嬩簣瀹冧滑璇磋瘽鐨勮兘鍔涖€?/p>

```javascript

function speak(animal) {

animal.speak();

}

const dog = new Animal('dog'); // 鍒涘缓涓€鍙悕涓篸og鐨勫姩鐗╁疄渚?/p>

const whale = new Mammal('whale', 'blow'); // 鍒涘缓涓€鍙悕涓簑hale鐨勫摵涔冲姩鐗╁疄渚嬶紝鍏剁壒鏈夎涓烘槸鈥渂low鈥?/p>

speak(dog); // 杈撳嚭 "杩欏彧鐙楄锛?Hello'"

speak(whale); // 杈撳嚭 "杩欏彧椴搁奔璇达細'blow'"

```

瀹炶返椤圭洰锛氭瀯寤虹敤鎴风鐞嗙郴缁熺殑鏂扮瘒绔?/p>

涓轰簡灏嗙悊璁虹煡璇嗚浆鍖栦负瀹為檯鎿嶄綔锛屾垜浠皢鐫€鎵嬫瀯寤轰竴涓畝娲佽€屽疄鐢ㄧ殑鐢ㄦ埛绠＄悊绯荤粺銆傝繖涓郴缁熷皢娑电洊鐢ㄦ埛娉ㄥ唽銆佺櫥褰曚互鍙婅幏鍙栫敤鎴蜂俊鎭殑鍩虹鍔熻兘銆?/p>

2.1 瀹氫箟鐢ㄦ埛绫伙紝璧嬩簣浠栦滑鐢熷懡涓庢椿鍔?/p>

鎴戜滑瀹氫箟浜嗕竴涓猆ser绫伙紝涓虹敤鎴疯祴浜堜簡鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶃€侀偖绠变互鍙婂湪绾跨姸鎬佺瓑灞炴€э紝骞舵彁渚涗簡鐧诲綍銆佺櫥鍑哄拰鑾峰彇淇℃伅绛夎涓恒€?/p>

```javascript

class User {

constructor(username, email) {

this.username = username;

this.email = email;

this.isOnline = false;

}

// ...鍏朵粬鏂规硶瀹氫箟...

}

```

閫氳繃瀹炰緥鍖朥ser绫诲苟璋冪敤鍏舵柟娉曪紝鎴戜滑鍙互瑙傚療鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮涓轰笌鐘舵€佸彉鍖栥€備緥濡傦細

```javascript

const aliceUser = new User('alice', ''); // 鍒涘缓aliceUser瀹炰緥骞惰繘琛屾搷浣?/p>

aliceUser.login(); // 杈撳嚭 "alice宸茬櫥褰曘€?

console.log(aliceUser.getInfo()); // 鑾峰彇骞舵樉绀虹敤鎴蜂俊鎭?/p>

aliceUser.logout(); // 杈撳嚭 "alice宸茬櫥鍑恒€? 灞曠ず鐧诲嚭鐘舵€佸彉鏇村悗鐨勪俊鎭?/p>

``` 杩欐牱涓€涓畝鍗曠殑鐢ㄦ埛绠＄悊绯荤粺灏辨惌寤哄畬鎴愪簡銆?馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専 馃専锛堢粨灏句娇鐢ㄤ簡澶稿紶鐨勯噸澶嶇鍙峰己璋冩妧鏈殑灏忔垚灏憋級